Fluid Volume Deficit NANDA: The state in which an individual experiences vascular, cellular, or intracellular dehydration
Fluid volume deficit, or hypovolemia, occurs from a loss of body fluid or the shift of fluids into the third space, or from a reduced fluid intake. Common sources for fluid loss are the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, polyuria, and increased perspiration. Fluid volume deficit may be an acute or chronic condition managed in the hospital, outpatient center, or home setting. The therapeutic goal is to treat the underlying disorder and return the extracellular fluid compartment to normal. Treatment consists of restoring fluid volume and correcting any electrolyte imbalances. Early recognition and treatment is paramount to prevent potentially life-threatening hypovolemic shock. Elderly patients are more likely to develop fluid imbalances.
Gastroenteritis is a condition that causes irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines (the gastrointestinal tract). An infection may be caused by bacteria or parasites in spoiled food or unclean water. Some foods may irritate your stomach and cause gastroenteritis. Lactose intolerance to dairy products is one example.
Many people who experience the vomiting and diarrhea that develop from these types of infections or irritations think they have "food poisoning," which they may, or call it "stomach flu," although influenza has nothing to do with it.
The incubation period for bacterial gastroenteritis can range from 12 hours to 5 days, depending on the bacteria responsible.
Repeated episodes of diarrhoea are the most common symptom of gastroenteritis. Loose, watery stools are usually passed three or more times within 24 hours. The stools may contain traces of blood and mucus.
Other symptoms of gastroenteritis include:
- vomiting
- nausea
- stomach cramps
- headaches
- a high temperature (fever) of 38–39C (100.4–102.2F)
Symptoms of dehydration include:
- tiredness
- apathy (a lack of emotion or enthusiasm)
- dizziness
- nausea
- headaches
- muscle cramps
- dry mouth
- pinched face
- sunken eyes
- passing little or no urine
- rapid heartbeat
Nursing Care Plan for Gastroenteritis
Nursing Diagnosis : Fluid Volume Deficit
- related to
- nausea
- excessive loss through feces
- vomiting and restricted intake
Goal:
- Fluid requirements will be met with
Outcome criteria there are no signs of dehydration
Intervention and Rational :
1. Monitor intake and output.
2. Give oral fluids and parenteral rehydration in accordance with the program
3. Assess vital signs, signs / symptoms of dehydration and the results of laboratory examination.
4. Collaborative implementation of definitive therapy.
Rational :
1. Provides information to determine the status of fluid balance fluid needs replacement.
2. As an attempt rehydration to replace fluids that come out with feces.
3. Assessing hydration status, electrolyte and acid base balance.
4. Provision of drugs is causally important after the cause of diarrhea in mi